The Core Thesis: Verbs, Not Nouns
When historians excavate the Web 2.0 era decades from now, what will they find?
The official record will show:
- Platform Names (Nouns): Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok
- Feature Names (Nouns): News Feed, Timeline, Story, Reels, For You Page
- Corporate Branding (Nouns): Metaverse, Threads, X
But the real history—the one that captures how billions of people lived within these platforms—is written in verbs:
- Friending (creating social connections beyond Dunbar's limit)
- Unfriending (the digital severance more painful than ghosting)
- Liking (the dopamine-driven currency of approval)
- Retweeting (performative identity through curation)
- Hashtagging (folksonomy and grassroots indexing)
- Lurking (the silent majority's participation)
- Selfieing (the ritual of self-documentation)
- Shadowbanning (invisible censorship users named to resist it)
- Doomscrolling (compulsive anxiety ritual of the pandemic era)
Archaeological Principle: Platforms are architecture. User-generated language is artifact. Architecture tells you what was built. Artifacts tell you what was lived.
The "-ing" suffix is crucial—it marks continuous, ongoing action. These aren't one-time events; they are rituals, practices, habits embedded in daily life. The gerund form linguistically preserves the repetitive nature of these behaviors: you don't "like" once—you're liking, perpetually, compulsively.
Vernacular vs. Platform Language
Platforms create official terminology:
- Facebook: "Add Friend" → Users said: Friending
- Twitter: "Repost" → Users said: Retweeting
- Instagram: "Double-tap to like" → Users said: Liking
- Platforms never acknowledged it → Users said: Shadowbanning
- Platforms called it "extended engagement" → Users said: Doomscrolling
Platform language is prescriptive—it dictates how features should be used. Vernacular language is descriptive—it captures how features are actually used, including emergent behaviors, unintended consequences, and user resistance.
This divergence is archaeologically significant. When user language differs from platform language, it reveals:
- Emergent behavior: Users doing things platforms didn't anticipate (lurking, hashtagging)
- Emotional texture: Words capturing feelings platforms don't want to name (unfriending, doomscrolling)
- Power struggle: Users naming practices platforms want invisible (shadowbanning)
- Cultural meaning: Social significance beyond technical function (selfieing as identity performance)
The -ings: A Typology
User-generated verbs can be categorized by what they reveal about Web 2.0 culture:
| Category | -ing Examples | What It Reveals |
|---|---|---|
| Social Curation | Friending, Unfriending, Blocking, Muting | Digital relationships as performative, revocable, quantified |
| Performative Identity | Retweeting, Sharing, Hashtagging, Selfieing | Identity as curated presentation, not authentic expression |
| Engagement Currency | Liking, Hearting, Upvoting, Favoriting | Social approval quantified, gamified, commodified |
| Silent Participation | Lurking, Creeping, Stalking (profile viewing) | Majority participation is passive consumption, not creation |
| Platform Pathologies | Doomscrolling, Rage-baiting, Thirst-trapping | User awareness of manipulative design, yet inability to resist |
| Power & Control | Shadowbanning, Deplatforming, Doxxing | Asymmetric power—platforms control visibility, users control exposure |
| Algorithmic Navigation | Gaming (the algorithm), SEO-ing, Hashtagging | Users learning to speak the language of invisible systems |
Why Gerunds Matter: The Linguistic Archaeology
The "-ing" form is not accidental—it encodes specific cultural meaning:
1. Continuous Action (Not One-Time Event)
"I liked a photo" vs. "I'm liking photos"—the gerund signals habitual behavior, not isolated action. This matters because it reveals Web 2.0 behaviors are compulsive, repetitive rituals, not casual interactions.
2. Normalizing the Abnormal
When a behavior becomes a gerund, it's been normalized into culture. We don't have a gerund for "using a telephone" (no one says "I was telephoning"), but we have "texting," "tweeting," "TikToking"—because these are distinct practices with cultural significance beyond the tool.
3. Encoding Social Practice Beyond Technical Function
"Liking" is not just "clicking a button"—it encodes:
- Social approval seeking
- Reciprocal obligation ("I liked theirs, they'll like mine")
- Passive-aggressive communication ("She didn't like my post")
- Algorithmic gaming ("More likes = more visibility")
- Neurochemical reward (dopamine hit from variable rewards)
The technical function is: "Increment like counter by 1." The social practice is: "Liking."
4. User Agency in Naming
Platforms built features. Users named practices. This is significant:
- Facebook built: "Add Friend" button
- Users named: "Friending" (the ongoing social labor of curating a network)
- Facebook built: "Remove Friend" option
- Users named: "Unfriending" (the social violence of digital severance)
Naming is ownership. When users generate their own verbs, they reclaim linguistic authority over their own experience.
The Archaeological Value of User-Generated Language
Why does this matter for Digital Archaeologists?
1. Reveals Actual Use vs. Intended Use
Platforms intended the Like button as simple positive feedback. Users used it as:
- Currency in the Attention Economy
- Social obligation
- Passive-aggressive withholding
- Algorithmic manipulation tool
- Neurochemical addiction mechanism
The gap between intention and use is where culture happens—and vernacular language preserves it.
2. Captures Emotional Texture
Platform analytics measure engagement. User language captures emotion:
- "Doomscrolling" = anxiety, dread, compulsion
- "Unfriending" = social violence, rejection, relief
- "Shadowbanning" = paranoia, gaslighting, powerlessness
- "Lurking" = voyeurism, introversion, FOMO
3. Documents Resistance and Awareness
When users name practices platforms want invisible (shadowbanning, doomscrolling), it's an act of archaeological resistance—making the hidden visible through language.
4. Preserves Context That Will Be Lost
In 50 years, when Facebook is a Digital Fossil:
- Platform documentation will show: "Users could click a 'Like' button"
- User-generated language will show: "Liking was a neurochemical addiction, a social currency, a quantified self-worth metric, and a performative ritual"
The "-ings" are the primary sources future archaeologists will need to understand what Web 2.0 felt like.
Supporting Concepts from the Field Note
Dunbar's Number and Digital Scale
Robin Dunbar's research suggests humans can maintain ~150 stable relationships. Facebook "friends" routinely exceed 500+. The term "friending" reveals this cognitive dissonance—it's not friendship (intimate, reciprocal), it's friending (performative, scalable, revocable).
The 90-9-1 Rule
In online communities:
- 90% lurk (passive consumption)
- 9% contribute occasionally
- 1% create most content
Yet platform language emphasizes creators ("Influencers," "Content Creators"). User language acknowledges the majority experience: "Lurking."
From Conversation to Connection (Turkle)
Sherry Turkle argues social media replaced conversation (messy, uncertain, human) with connection (curated, controlled, performative). User-generated verbs encode this shift:
- Conversation verbs: Talking, debating, discussing (disappeared)
- Connection verbs: Liking, retweeting, reacting (ubiquitous)
Strategic Implications for the Foundry
For Digital Archaeologists:
When excavating Web 2.0 artifacts:
- Document vernacular language alongside technical features
- Interview users about the verbs they use, not just the nouns platforms provide
- Collect slang, jargon, and emergent terms—these are primary sources
- Track when user language differs from official language—that divergence is where truth lives
For Landmark Smiths:
When forging Landmarks or Monuments:
- Use vernacular language to signal authenticity and cultural resonance
- Document the "-ings" as evidence of lived experience
- Create interactive experiences that let visitors perform the verbs (simulate friending, unfriending, liking, shadowbanning) to understand their emotional weight
For Clients (Own Your Ground):
User-generated language demonstrates:
- Users don't control the platform—but they do control the language describing their experience
- Vernacular language outlasts platforms—"friending" will be remembered when Facebook is a fossil
- Owning your ground means owning your language—using your words, not platform-mandated terminology
The -ings We'll Excavate in 2075
When future Digital Archaeologists excavate the 2020s, the "-ings" will be the artifacts that reveal:
- What we did: Friending, liking, retweeting, hashtagging
- What we suffered: Doomscrolling, shadowbanning, rage-baiting
- What we resisted: Lurking (refusing to perform), unfriending (opting out), blocking (asserting boundaries)
- What we normalized: Selfieing (constant self-documentation), liking (quantified approval), scrolling (infinite consumption)
These verbs—user-generated, vernacular, emotionally precise—are the true landmarks of Web 2.0. Not the billion-dollar platforms. Not the venture-backed unicorns. Not the IPO press releases.
But the words ordinary people invented to name what they were living through.
Final Thought: Platforms give us nouns. Users give us verbs. Nouns are things. Verbs are life. When we excavate Web 2.0, we're not looking for the architecture—we're looking for the -ings that show how people lived within it.