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LOCKSS

/lɒks/ Acronym: Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe
Definition A peer-to-peer digital preservation system developed by Stanford University Libraries in 1999. It allows libraries to collect, preserve, and provide access to digital content by creating decentralized, redundant copies across a grid of servers, providing immunity against single points of failure.

The Protocol of Hope

LOCKSS is the primary proof-of-concept for the Distributed Commons model. Before LOCKSS, preservation was monolithic (one big vault). LOCKSS proved that resilience comes from federation.

The system works by constant polling. Each "LOCKSS box" (server) holds a copy of a digital object (like a journal article). It periodically asks other boxes in the network: "Do you have this file? Does it match my checksum?"

Key Features

1. Decentralization

There is no "master server." Every node is equal. This prevents censorship and central failure.

2. Dynamic Repair

The system is self-healing. It treats preservation not as static storage, but as an active immune system against data decay.

3. Institutional Scale

With over 300 participating institutions worldwide, LOCKSS demonstrates how Ostrom's Principles (like clearly defined boundaries and monitoring) work in practice.

Field Notes

The Anti-fragile Library: "A library that cannot be burned." LOCKSS makes censorship logistically impossible. To destroy a document, an attacker would have to simultaneously destroy 300+ servers in 20+ countries.
Stratigraphy (Related Concepts)
The Seed Bank Distributed Commons Ostrom's Principles Sustainable Preservation Resilient Format